English - Indonesian Idioms, Metaphors, and Proverbs

ENGLISH - INDONESIAN IDIOMS

1. Flesh and blood = darah daging.
2. To lie down on the job = mengabaikan tugas.
3. Beat about the bush = berbasa basi
4. Looking through a haystack to find a needle = mencari sebuah jarum dalam tumpukan jerami.
5. It has its perils and merits = Ada bahayanya tapi ada juga untungnya.

ENGLISH - INDONESIAN METAPHORS

1. Anger also takes root in desires, arrogance, provocation and suspicion = Kemarahan juga berakar pada keinginan, kesombongan, hasutan dan kecurigaan (anger is a plant metaphorical concept, it can be fertilized, takes root and grow).
2. Don’t surrender to your anger = Jangan menyerah pada kemarahan (anger is an opponent).
3.  His words made me blow up = Kata-katanya membuat aku meledak.
4.  He became the scapegoat in that case = Dia menjadi kambing hitam dalam kasus itu.
5. Anger can darken your sight and block your mind = Kemarahan akan bisa menjadikan mata gelap dan pikiran buntu.

ENGLISH - INDONESIAN PROVERBS

1. Look before you leap! = hati-hati sebelum bertindak.
2. Bit the hand that feeds you = dikasih hati minta rempela.
3. The end justifies the means = menghalakan segala cara.
4. Light at the end of the tunnel = habis gelap terbitlah terang.
5. Buy a pig in a poke = membeli kucing dalam karung.

The Translation Procedures by Newmark

THE TRANSLATION PROCEDURES

By NEWMARK

1.       TRANSFERENCE = is the process of transferring an SL word to a TL text. It includes transliteration and is the same as what Harvey (2000:5) named "transcription."

Ex: Korean writing style into English language.

            Arab writing style into Indonesian language.

2.      NATURALIZATION = It adapts the SL word first to the normal pronunciation, then to the normal morphology of the TL. (Newmark, 1988b:82)

Ex: ‘Hobby’ in English language become ‘hobi’ in Indonesian language. It has a same sound in pronounce the word with the same morphology.

      ‘Service’ in English language become ‘servis’ in Indonesian language. It has a same sound in pronounce the word with the same morphology.

3.      CULTURAL EQUIVALENT = It means replacing a cultural word in the SL with a TL one. however, "they are not accurate" (Newmark, 1988b:83).

Ex: Carriage same as ‘delman’ in Indonesia

      Wolf same as ‘kancil’ in Indonesia (a tricky animal).

4.      FUNCTIONAL EQUIVALENT = it requires the use of a culture-neutral word. (Newmark, 1988b:83).

Ex: ‘Kain sari’ a traditional cloth from India same as ‘Kebaya’ in Indonesia. It has a function to be a traditional cloth.

Apartment same as Rumah susun in Indonesia. It has a same function as a set of rooms for living in which are part of a larger building than house.    

5.      DESCRIPTIVE EQUIVALENT = in this procedure the meaning of the CBT is explained in several words. (Newmark, 1988b:83)

Ex: We have to cross over the road through the zebra cross = kita harus menyebrang jalan tersebut melalui zebra cross, tempat atau jalan untuk menyebrang.

      The doctor needs penicillin immediately!= dokter membutuhkan penicillin, obat antibiotik untuk membunuh bakteri segera!

6.      COMPONENTIAL ANALYSIS = it means "comparing an SL word with a TL word which has a similar meaning but is not an obvious one-to-one equivalent, by demonstrating first their common and then their differing sense components." (Newmark, 1988b:114)

Ex: My mother give a  special gift in my birthday  = Ibuku memberi sebuah kado spesial di hari ulang tahunku. (verbàverb)

      You look so beautiful in tonight = Kamu terlihat begitu cantik malam ini. (adjectiveàadjective)

7.      SYNONYMY = it is a "near TL equivalent." Here economy trumps accuracy. (Newmark, 1988b:84)

Ex: Rough = rude = impolite = crude = kasar.

      Friendly = kind = gracious = ramah.

8.      TROUGH TRANSLATION = it is the literal translation of common collocations, names of organizations and components of compounds. It can also be called: calque or loan translation. (Newmark, 1988b:84)

Ex: Police Academy = Akademi polisi

      Kindergarten = taman kanak-kanak

9.      TRANSPORSITION = it involves a change in the grammar from SL to TL, for instance, (i) change from singular to plural, (ii) the change required when a specific SL structure does not exist in the TL, (iii) change of an SL verb to a TL word, change of an SL noun group to a TL noun and so forth. (Newmark, 1988b:86)

Ex: Glasses = kacamata (jamakàtunggal)

      Roller skates = sepatu roda (jamakàtunggal)

10.  MODULATION = it occurs when the translator reproduces the message of the original text in the TL text in conformity with the current norms of the TL, since the SL and the TL may appear dissimilar in terms of perspective. (Newmark, 1988b:88)

Ex: You are going to have a baby = kamu akan menjadi seorang ayah.

      The laws of England govern this Agreement = Perjanjian ini diatur oleh hukum Inggris.

11.  RECOGNIZED TRANSLATION = it occurs when the translator "normally uses the official or the generally accepted translation of any institutional term." (Newmark, 1988b:89)

Ex: UNO = PBB, USA = Amerika Serikat

12.  COMPENSATION = it occurs when loss of meaning in one part of a sentence is compensated in another part. (Newmark, 1988b:90)

Ex: She couldn’t even wash her cloths without hurting herself!  à

      Mencuci baju saja bisa-bisa tangannya terluka!

      Conciliation is ours !  à

      Saatnya perdamaian!

13.  PARAPHRASE = in this procedure the meaning of the CBT is explained. Here the explanation is much more detailed than that of descriptive equivalent. (Newmark, 1988b:91)

Ex: Halloween = malam 31 Oktober dimana anak-anak mengenakan kostum yang menakutkan dan orang-orang mencoba menakut-nakuti satu sama lain.

       Upload = proses mengunggah data/informasi ke jaringan komputer yang lebih luas atau ke internet.

14.  COUPLETS = it occurs when the translator combines two different procedures. (Newmark, 1988b:91)

Ex : I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors.

Saya berdiri di sini hari ini terenyak oleh tugas di depan kita, berterima kasih atas kepercayaan yang Anda berikan, dan teringat akan pengorbanan oleh leluhur kita.

Using Literal translation and Linguistic compression (humbled by/ terenyak oleh; borne by/oleh)

Homes have been lost; jobs shed; businesses shuttered.

Banyak rumah yang disita, lapangan kerja menurun drastis, bisnis gulung tikar.

Using Literal translation, discursive creation (lost = disita, Shed= menurun drastis, Shuttered= gulung tikar)

15.  NOTES = notes are additional information in a translation. (Newmark, 1988b:91)

Ex : ^[3] NASA has guidance for footnote usage in its historical documents.^[4]

       

To escape the limitations imposed on the word count of various academic and legal texts which do not take into account notes. Aggressive use of this strategy can lead to a text affected by "foot and note disease" (a derogation coined by John Betjeman).^[5][6]

3. "Chapter 15: Footnotes, indexes, contents, and outlines". U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual. Retrieved January 23, 2010.

4. "A Guide to Footnotes and Endnotes for NASA History Authors". NASA History Style Guide. Retrieved March 24, 2005.

5. Rogers, Timothy (1968). "Rupert Brooke: Man and Monument". English 17 (99): 79–84. doi:10.1093/english/17.99.79. Retrieved 21 March 2011.

6. Candida Lycett Green (Betjeman's daughter), quoted in "Passed/Failed: An education in the life of Candida Lycett Green, writer", interview by Jonathan Sale. The Independent, Thursday 27 April 2006.

Aesthetic - Poetic Translation

AESTHETIC-POETIC TRANSLATION

Aesthetic-poetic translation: it refers to translation in which the translator takes into account the affect, emotion, and feeling of an original version, the aesthetic form used by the original author, as well as any information in the message. Example: the translation of sonnet, rhyme, heroic couplet, dramatic dialogue, and novel.

This is the example of aesthetic-poetic translation:

A Never Die Hero

A teacher is a hero

Without a strings attached

They are candles in the dark

We could have an open mind because the strands of a teacher

Our souls can be wide because the advice of a teacher

They are heroes in a world

They are simple and promising calmness

Always be water in the desert

Always be a light in the middle of the night

We all need you

We will not be able to change the world without you

Our kids are poisoned without you

The teacher is a guide

They are a symbol of resurrection

They are a basic for education

Teachers are heroes

Pahlawan yang tidak pernah mati

Seorang guru adalah pahlawan

Tanpa sebuah pamrih

Mereka adalah lilin di tengah kegelapan

Pikiran kita bisa terbuka karena untaian ilmu seorang guru

Jiwa kita bisa luas karena nasihat seorang guru

Mereka adalah pahlawan di sebuah dunia

Pribadi nan sederhana yang menjanjikan keteduhan

Selalu menjadi air di tengah padang pasir

Selalu menjadi terang di tengah malam

Kami semua membutuhkan kalian

Kami tidak akan bisa mengubah dunia tanpa kalian

Anak-anak kami akan teracuni tanpa kalian

Guru adalah seorang pemandu

Guru adalah sebuah simbol kebangkitan

Guru adalah dasar bagi sebuah pendidikan manapun

Guru adalah pahlawan

The translator uses some techniques, such as: literal translation, establish equivalent, and compensation on that poem)

A Deep Meaning of Friendship

Friendship is like the two rings that have different shapes

But can be combined with a very strong sense

Friendship is just a word

But it has a deep meaning

We’ll feel it when actually find

A continued friend in a life

Friendship has always been an oasis when we experience sadness

Friendship is always a joy to be complementary

A day without friends is very strange

Months without friends are very painful

True friends will always be missed

Talks will continue to be memorable

Easy to get a rich friend

But hard getting a forever friend

Because a true friend is not for a reason

Makna yang dalam tentang persahabatan

Persahabatan adalah seperti dua cincin yang memiliki bentuk yang berbeda

Tapi dapat dikombinasikan dengan rasa yang sangat kuat

Persahabatan adalah hanya sebuah kata

Tetapi memiliki makna yang dalam

Kita akan merasakannya saat benar-benar menemukan

Seorang sahabat yang terus ada dalam kehidupan

Persahabatan selalu menjadi oasis ketika kita mengalami kesedihan

Persahabatan melengkapi sebuah kegembiraan

Sebuah hari tanpa sahabat sangat aneh

Berbulan-bulan tanpa sahabat yang sangat menyakitkan

Teman sejati akan selalu dirindukan

Pembicaraan akan terus menjadi kenangan

Mudah untuk mendapatkan teman kaya

Tapi sulit mendapatkan teman sejati

Karena teman sejati datang bukan karena suatu alasan

(The translator uses literal translation, compensaton, and establish equivalent techniques in that poem).

PRAGMATIC AND ETHNOGRAPHIC TRANSLATION

PRAGMATIC TRANSLATION

Based on the purposes of translation, Brislin in Choliludin (2007: 26-30) categorizes translation into four types, namely:

Pragmatic translation: it refers to the translation of a message with an interest in accuracy of the information that was meant to be conveyed in the SL form and it is not conveyed with other aspects of the original language version.

EXAMPLE:

The pictures above are the example of a magic com manual. The translation is easy to understand and give a clear explanation about how to clean, how to use the magic com, and also the jar warmer function. The translator delivers the meaning of a sentence have appropriated with the message of that kind of text. The uses of Indonesian words has a close meaning with the English word. The translator uses some techniques in that manual text, such as: literal translation, borrowing, and compensation.

 

ETHNOGRAPHIC TRANSLATION

Ethnographic translation: its purpose is to explicate the cultural context of the SL and TL versions. Translators have to be sensitive to the way words are used and must know how the word fits into cultures. Example: the use of the word ‘yes’ versus ‘yeah’ in America.

TYPES OF TRANSLATION

TYPES OF TRANSLATION

According to Larson (1984: 15)

Translation is classified into two main types, namely form-based translation and meaning-based translation.

Forms-based translation attempts to follow the form of the source language (SL) and it is known as literal translation.

Meaning-based translation makes every effort to communicate the meaning of the SL text in the natural forms of the receptor language. Such translation is called idiomatic translation.

Menurut Larson (1984: 15)

Terjemahan diklasifikasikan menjadi 2 jenis utama, yaitu terjemahan berdasarkan bentuk dan terjemahan berdasarkan makna.

Terjemahan berdasarkan bentuk berupaya untuk mengikuti bentuk bahasa sumber dan ini dikenal sebagai terjemahan harfiah.

Terjemahan berdasarkan makna berusaha untuk mengomunikasikan makna teks bahasa sumber dalam bentuk yang alamiah dari bahasa sasaran. Terjemahan jenis ini disebut terjemahan idiomatik.

According to Catford (1978: 21)

Based on the extent, the types of translation are:

Full translation, it is a type of translation in which the entire SL text is reproduced by the TL text materials.

Partial translation, there are only some parts of the SL text to be translated into the TL text.

Menurut Catford (1978: 21)

            Berdasarkan perluasannya, jenis terjemahan antara lain:

Terjemahan utuh, terjemahan ini merupakan jenis terjemahan yang keseluruhan teks bahasa sumbernya diterjemahkan ulang dengan informasi teks bahasa sasaran.

Terjemahan sebagian, hanya beberapa bagian dari teks bahasa sumber yang diterjemahkan ke dalam teks bahasa sasaran.

In terms of level, the types of translation are:

Total translation, the TL material replaces all levels of the SL text.

Restricted translation, it is the replacement of SL textual material with equivalent TL material at only one level; whether at the phonological level, graphological level, or at the level of grammar and lexis.

Dalam hal tingkatannya, jenis terjemahan antara lain:

Terjemahan total, informasi bahasa sasaran menggantikan semua bagian teks bahasa sumber.

Terjemahan terbatas, adalah penggantian informasi tekstual bahasa sumber dengan informasi bahasa sasaran yang sepadan hanya pada 1 tingkat, baik pada  tingkat phonological, tingkat graphological, ataupun pada tingkat tata bahasa dan lexis.

In terms of rank, translation is divided into:

Rank-bound translation, it means that the selection of TL text equivalent is limited at only one rank, such as word-for-word equivalence, morpheme-for-morpheme equivalence, etc.

 Unbounded translation, it can move freely up and down the rank-scale.

             Dalam hal kedudukannya, terjemahan dibagi menjadi:

Rank-bound translation, adalah pemilihan teks bahasa sasaran yang sama yang terbatas hanya pada 1 kedudukan, seperti sebagai kesamaan kata per kata, kesamaan morfem per morfem, dll.

Unbounded translation, terjemahan yang tingkatannya dapat diterjemahkan dengan bebas.

According to Brislin in Choliludin (2007: 26-30)

            Based on the purposes of translation:

Pragmatic translation: it refers to the translation of a message with an interest in accuracy of the information that was meant to be conveyed in the SL form and it is not conveyed with other aspects of the original language version. Example: the translation of the information about repairing a machine.

Menurut Brislin pada Choliludin (2007: 26-30)

Berdasarkan tujuan terjemahan:

Pragmatic translation: merujuk pada penerjemahan sebuah pesan dengan memperhatikan ketepatan informasi yang berarti dipindahkan pada bentuk bahasa sumber dan tidak dipindahkan dengan aspek lain dari versi bahasa asli. Contoh: terjemahan informasi tentang memperbaiki mesin.

Aesthetic-poetic translation: it refers to translation in which the translator takes into account the affect, emotion, and feeling of an original version, the aesthetic form used by the original author, as well as any information in the message. Example: the translation of sonnet, rhyme, heroic couplet, dramatic dialogue, and novel.

Aesthetic-poetic translation: merujuk pada terjemahan yang penerjemahnya ikut terpengaruh, emosi, dan perasaan dari versi asli, bentuk estetiknya digunakan oleh penulis asli, sebaik informasi apapun pada pesannya. Contoh: terjemahan soneta, sajak, bait-bait heroik, dialog dramatik, dan novel.

Ethnographic translation: its purpose is to explicate the cultural context of the SL and TL versions. Translators have to be sensitive to the way words are used and must know how the word fits into cultures. Example: the use of the word ‘yes’ versus ‘yeah’ in America.

Ethnographic translation: tujuannya adalah untuk memperjelas konteks budaya versi bahasa sumber dan bahasa sasaran. Penerjemah harus peka terhadap kata yang digunakan dan harus mengetahui bagaimana suatu kata cocok terhadap suatu budaya. Contoh: penggunaan kata ‘yes’ versus ‘yeah’ di Amerika.

Linguistic translation: is concerned with equivalent meanings of the constituent morphemes of the SL and grammatical form. Example: language in a computer program and translation machine.

Linguistic translation: dilibatkan oleh komponen-komponen makna morfem yang sepadan dari bahasa sumber dan bentuk tata bahasa. Contoh: bahasa pada sebuah program komputer dan mesin penerjemah.

According to Jacobson in Leonardi (2000)

1) Intralingual translation (monolingual translation), 2) interlingual translation (bilingual or multilingual translation), and 3) intersemiotic translation (verbal sign into non-verbal sign).

Intralingual translation refers to a translation in which verbal signs are interpreted by means of other signs of the same language. It happens within the same language (monolingual)

Menurut Jacobson dalam Leonardi (2000)

1) Intralingual translation (monolingual translation), 2) interlingual translation (bilingual atau multilingual translation), dan 3) intersemiotic translation (tanda verbal ke dalam tanda non-verbal).

Intralingual translation merujuk pada suatu terjemahan yang tanda verbalnya diinterpretasikan dengan arti tanda lain dari bahasa yang sama. Ini terjadi dalam bahasa yang sama (monolingual).

Interlingual translation is the one which refers to different languages whether it is bilingual or multilingual.

Intersemiotic translation refers to an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of non-verbal sign systems

Interlingual translation adalah satu-satunya yang merujuk pada bahasa yang berbeda baik bilingual maupun multilingual.

Intersemiotic translation merujuk pada suatu interpretasi tanda verbal dengan arti tanda lain dari sistem tanda non-verbal.

Definitions of translation

NAME : SHELA SILVIANA.A

NIM    : 2201412023

TRANSLATION (401)

Definition 1 (Nida, 1969: 12)

“Translation consists of reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalence of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.”

“Penerjemahan merupakan proses menghasilkan kembali padanan pesan dari bahasa sumber secara alamiah dan lebih dekat ke dalam bahasa penerima, dalam hal makna dan gaya.”

Definition 2 (Catford, 1978: 20)

 “Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL).”

“Penerjemahan adalah penggantian materi tekstual dalam suatu bahasa dengan menyepadankan materi tekstual ke bahasa lain.”

Definition 3 (Larson, 1984: 3)

 “Translation is transferring the meaning of the source language into the receptor language. This is done by going from the form of the first language to the form of a second language by way of semantic structure. It is meaning which is being transferred and must be held constant.”

“Penerjemahan merupakan suatu proses memindahkan makna dari bahasa sumber ke bahasa penerima. Hal ini dilakukan dengan mengganti bentuk bahasa pertama ke bentuk bahasa kedua melaui struktur semantik yang berkaitan dengan arti kata. Bahasa yang sedang dipindahkan harus mempunyai makna dan merupakan kesatuan yang tetap.

Definition 4 (Newmark, 1988: 5)

 “Translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text.”

“Penerjemahan merupakan proses menerjemahkan makna suatu teks ke dalam bahasa lain dengan cara penulis.

Definition 5 (Hawkes in Basnett-McGuire ,1991:13)

 “Translation involves the transfer of ‘meaning’ contained in one set of language signs into another set of language through competent use of the dictionary and grammar, the process involves a whole set of extralinguistic criteria also.”

“Penerjemahan melibatkan pemindahan makna dalam satu tanda bahasa ke dalam suatu bahasa lain melalui kemampuan menggunakan kamus dan tata bahasa, juga proses yang melibatkan keseluruhan kriteria ilmu bahasa.”

Definition 6 (Sperber and Wilson in Bell (1991:6)

 “Translation is the replacement of a representation of a text in one language by a representation of an equivalent text in a second language.”

“Penerjemahan merupakan proses penggantian dari gambaran suatu teks dalam satu bahasa dengan menggambarkan kesepadanan teks dalam bahasa lain.”

Definition 7 (Toury in James, 2000)

 “Translation is a kind of activity which inevitably involves at least two languages and two cultural traditions.”

“Menerjemahkan merupakan salah satu jenis aktivitas yang melibatkan sekurang-kurangnya 2 bahasa dan 2 tradisi budaya yang tak dapat dipisahkan.”

Definition 8 (Steiner in Choliludin, 2006: 5)

 “Translation can be seen as (co) generation of texts under specific constraints that is relative stability of some situational factors and, therefore, register, and classically, change of language and (context of) culture.”

“Penerjemahan dapat dilihat sebagai hasil dari suatu teks yang relatif seimbang dari beberapa faktor yang dapat berubah dan oleh karena itu, mendaftarkan, dan secara sederhana perubahan suatu bahasa dan konteks sebuah budaya.”